Television camera turret lens selecting and focusing apparatus



H. C. SHEPARD TELEVISION CAMERA TURRET LENS SELECTING March 24, 1953 AND FOCUSING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 15, 1951 INVENTOR Hungll. SHEPARD ATTORNEY I H. C. SHEPARD TELEVISION CAMERA TURRET LENS SELECTING March 24, 1953 AND FOCUSING APPARATUS Filed July 15, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 [III I INVENTOR m'm EBB 7 E-SHEPARD B QM . ATTORNEY wm m March 24, 1953 H. c. SHEPARD 2,632,370

TELEVISION CAMERA TURRET LENS SELECTING AND FOCUSING APPARATUS v5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 13, 1951 /41]; lNVENT OR HERBERT E. SHEPARD Patented Mar. 24, 1953 TELEVISION CAMERA TURRET LENS SELECTING AND FOCUSING AP:-

PARATUS Herbert G. Shepard, Woodbury, N. 3., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application July 13, 1951, Serial No. 236,577

14 Claims. 1

This invention relates to television cameras such as those used in certain color television systems and particularly to the apparatus used for the adjustable control of some of the optical elements used therein.

A television camera includes at least one signalgenerating tube which is responsive to light derived from the subject and which is directed to the photo-sensitive electrode of the tube by suitable optical apparatus. The usual television camera employed in black and white systems is provided with a plurality of objective lenses mounted in a turret at the front of the camera in such a way as to enable the operator to rotate the turret for the selection of the proper lens. Ordinarily, these lenses are of relatively short focal length so that the signal-generating tube may be mounted in such a way that its photosensitive electrode is at a comparatively short distance from the lens.

In such a camera, the only movement to which the turret-mounted objective lenses are subjected is one of rotation about the window of the camera as the desired lens is selected for use by the operator. Focusing with any selected lens usually accomplished by moving the signal-generating tube closer to, or farther from, the lens. In a conventional black and white television camera, usually both of these types of control of the optical components may be readily accomplished by the operator positioned at the rear of the ap- 'paratus.

However, in a color television system in which the color representative video signals are to be developed simultaneously, or substantially so, it generally is customary to provide a signal-generating tube for each of the image colors. In such apparatus it is necessary to employ an optical system by means of which to separate the light into the primary colors of the subject so as to be able to direct the light of the different colors properly to the respective signal-generating tubes. A particularly efiicient device of this character is an arrangement of dichroic reflectors. Representative examples of this type of color selective apparatus are shown in U. S. patents-to Glenn L. Dimmick, 2,379,790 granted July 3, 1945, and titled Dichroic Reflectors and 2,412,496 granted December 10, 19%, and titled Color Selective Reflector.

When a light separator of the dichroic reflector type is used in a color television camera there is not enough space in which to mount it between the standard turret-i'nounted objective lens and its image plane. Accordingly, if the-standard objective lenses normally provided with a black and white television camera are to be used in the described type of color television camera, it is seen that additional optical apparatus must be provided in order to gain space for the mounting of the diohroic reflectors. One representative type of auxiliary optical system which has been successfully employed for the purpose described includes a field or condensing lens mounted substantially in the image plane of the standard objective lens and an image relaying lens system located between the field lens and the dichroic reflectors. The relaying lens system functions to transfer the image formed in the plane of the field lens to the respective planes of the target electrodes of the difierent color representative signal generating tubes. Such an optical system forms the subject matter of a copending application of L. T. Sachtleben and G. L. Dimmick, Serial No. 215,722 filed March 15, 1951, and titled Color Television Optical System. It is seen that, with such an arrangement, it is not practicable to effect the desired focusing of the camera system by moving the signal-generating tubes relative to the objective lenses.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide control mechanism for some of the optical components of a color television camera employing a plurality of signal-generating tubes and a colored light separator.

Another object of the invention is to provide mechanism for rotating a lens turret for lensselecting purposes and for moving the lens turret back and forth for focusing purposes in any of its lens-selecting positions.

Still another object of the invention is toprovide apparatus for indexing the lens turret of a television camera at any one of a plurality of lens-selecting positions and at any point in the back and forth movement of the turret effected for focusing.

A further object of the invention is to provide adjustable facilities for fixing the positions of the turret for each objective lens, as it is rotated to operating position, so as to correspond with a master detent located at the rear of the camera, whereby to provide good optical alignment of the apparatus and to minimize looseness or shakiness in the turret positioning of a character to adversely effect the results.

A television camera of the character embodying the present invention includes a field lens for each of the turret-mounted objective lenses. These lenses are of the spherical type and are selected to have the proper diopter power for the lenses on a rotatable spider or wheel so that they may be rotated together with the objective lenses with which they are associated- Accordingly, it is another object of the present invention to provide mechanism for the accurate rotational driving of the field lens wheel in conjunction with the objective lens turret at any focusing position of the turret.

Still another object of the invention is to provide apparatus for the precise rotational positioning of the field lens wheel so that the field lenses may be optically aligned with their respective turret-mounted objective lensesI The television camera embodying the present invention is provided with a turret in which the objective lenses are mounted and which is attached to a spindle that is arranged to be rotated and moved longitudinally of its axis. The turret spindle is linked to a shaft extending through the rear end wall of the camera housing and attached to a handle by which it may be rotated for imparting a rotating movement to the turret. Also, the turret spindle is linked to a focusing tube which is mounted outside of, and concentric with,'the turret shaft and which extends toward the rear of the camera housing. The focusing tube'is moved longitudinally of its and the turret shaft axis by means of a mechanism extending to the outside of the camera housing. By this means the turret may be moved back and forth for focusing purposes in any one of its lens-selecting positions.

The apparatus also includes a spider or wheel in which the field lenses are mounted and which is linked to the turret spindle for rotation there with so that the field lenses always are associated respectively with particular ones of the objective lenses. A rotational driver for the field lens wheel is provided with a sort of slip joint so that the field lens Wheel is not moved longitudinally of the axis of the system when the turret lens assembly is moved in this manner for focusing purposes.

The apparatus in accordance with the present invention also includes a facility for properly indexing the lens turret in any one of its selected positions and at any point in its longitudinal travel. The indexing apparatus also includes a plurality of detents spaced about the periphery of the turret for cooperation with an aperture with the turret-rotating handle when the optical apparatus is properly aligned in each of the 1'0- tational positions of the turret. Such a facility insures a more positive and rigid indexing of the turret than would be the case if complete reliance 4 were placed upon the master detent in the rear of the camera.

The apparatus also includes a type of mounting for the field lens wheel by which it is linked to the turret spindle so that it may be adjusted for rotation with sufficient precision that a good optical alignment of the field lenses with their respective objective lenses may be effected. Each of the field lenses, furthermore, may be mounted or dis-mounted in the field lens wheel without disturbing eith r the focal adjustment or alignment of the system. The camera mechanism also includes an arrangement by which the field enses may be reached for mounting and dismounting with comparative ease and rapidity by removing the objective lens turret cm the front of the camera.

The novel features that are considered characteristic of this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and method of operation, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

In thedrawings:

Figure l is a diagrammatic plan view of the general arrangement of a color television camera in which the present invention may be embodied;

Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the control mechanism for the optical components of the television camera embodying the invention;

Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the camera embodying the invention and showing the arran ement of the objective lenses on the turret of a television camera;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line ll of Figure 2 showing the details of the field lens mounting on the field lens wheel in accordance with the invention;

Figure 5 is a rear elevational View of a color television camera and is partially cut away to show in section certain of the details of the focusing linkage embodying the invention;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional View taken along the lines 6-5 of Figure 2 and shows additional details of the rotational driving mech-' anism for the field lens wheel in accordance with the invention and which are illustrated from a different viewing angle than that of Figure 2;

Figure '7 is another fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 1-? of Figure 2 showing additional details of the mechanism by which longitudinal movement of the turret spindle is effected according to a feature of this invention; and

Figure 8 is a detail View of the turret-rotating mechanism showing another feature of the invention.

Reference first will be made to Figure l for a description of the general type of color television camera in which the present invention is embodied. The camera includes a light tight housing 5 I at the front end of which is mounted, in a manner to be described in greater detail subsequently, a turret E2 in which are mounted a plurality of objective lenses it. As previously indicated, the turret i2 is adapted to be rotated so as to bring selected ones of the objective lenses it into alignment with an opening or window M in the front end wall it of the camera housing.

Field lenses such as the lens l6 are provided for the respective objective lenses [3. The field lenses are located in the focal planes of the comparatively short focal length objective lenses aesaaeo:

respectively" associated lenses function to effectively transfer therimage: formed-- in thefocal plane of the objective: lens toa"-- relatively long focal length image-relaying. lens system H;

As disclosed in greaterd'etailinthe copending application of Sac'htleben and Dimmickreferred? topreviously; the image-relaying: apparatus comprises two-relatively long focal. length objective: lenses l8" and I9. mounted respectively on the normally infinity conjugate side of one another. A substantially unit' magnification is effected. by this means. The image-relaying apparatus IT functions to relay the image to the photo-sensitive electrodes of each of a plurality of signal-- generating tubes such as the" red, green and. blue tubes 2|, 22 and" 23; These tubes are located relative to the optical. system in such a way-that the light paths to the tubes are substantially equal.

The light from the subject is separated into its primary colors by a color-selective apparatus 24' comprising apair of dichroic reflectors arranged respectively at approximately 45 degree angles to the axis of the system. By such means the green subject light is transmitted by the color separator 24"directly'to the green tubes 22. The red light is reflected to one side by the color selecting apparatus 24 and is. directed by a mirror 25 to the red tube 21. Similarly, the blue light from the subject is reflected to the other side for further reflection by the mirror 25 to the blue tube 23.

The optical system also includes an astigmatism corrector 21 located between the field lenses l6 and the image-relaying apparatus [1. As described in greater detail in the copending application of Sachtleben and Dimmick referred to, the angular relationship of the di'chroic reflectors of the light separator 2t produce astigmatic images at the camera tubes 2|, 22 and 23. This astigmatism may be corrected by introducing another pair of plates similar to those included in the dichroic reflectors, also mounted at substantially the same angles to the axis of the system as are the dichroic reflectors of the light separator 24 but rotated about the axis through an angle of 90 degrees. It is seen that one set of plates creates astigmatism in one dimension and the other set in the other dimension, so that the two combined sets compensate for one another. The astigmatism corrector 21 and the imagerelaying apparatus I! are mounted in a housing 28 which is provided with a front window or aperture 29 in alignment with the window M in the camera housing and also with a suitable opening (not specifically indicated) communicating with the light separator 24.

The camera also is provided with lens-selecting mechanism including a turret-rotating handle 3! attached to a turret shaft 32 extending rearwardly through the rear end wall .33. of the camera housing I l and forwardly to a linkage (not shown in Figure 1) with the turret l2 and which will be described subsequently in more detail. Also attached to one of the side walls 34 of the camera housing H is a crank or focus knob 35 constituting an operating handle for a focusing mechanism. The focus knob is coupled by a gear train '36 and a universal joint 31 to a drive shaft 38. The drive shaft is further coupled to the focusing mechanism to be subsequently described in greater detail for effecting a longitudinal movement of the turret l2.

Reference next will be made to Figure 2 of the therewith. The. field.

drawings: for a; somewhat; more... detailed closer-in tion: of: the: adjustable televlsion camera. nt-1Q apparatus embddying the-.presentinvention. The view.=' of: the: camera apparatus; shown: in thi fig-ureisa partialvertical crosssec Qn. It: Will be understood. that this view of, the p ra sis: broken. between the: front and rear endwalls of the. housing and foreshortened. in: rder o the aperture It in. the. front: endwall of the: The drum 41 is secured to the front housing. housing wall t5: by meansof' aplurality of screws. such as the screw. 43. The turret-supporting drum provides a means ofsupport for a. main bearing 44; This bearing is. attached to an. in-..

wardly'formed boss: on the drum 41 substantially at the center thereof by means of a; plurality of screws such as 45.

turret spindle 46 is journaled'i in the. main bearing. 44' and extends both forwardly-and rearwardly therefrom. The forward end of." thespindle 46- is formed suitably to receive a cen-.. trall-ylocated hub 41: with which the turret I2 is provided and also is threaded adjacent its extremity to receive a turret-holding thumb nut 48. The thumb nut serves to securely press the turret hub 4? against a flange 49 formed on the turret spindle 26'. The flange 49 has a slot or recess 5| formed therein to receive a substantially' rectangular turret-locating key 52 which is attached to the rear face of the turret hub 41 by a screw 53. By means of the-key and slot arrangement, the turret may be accurately located on, and is constrained to rotate with, the spindle 46. Also. by means of the described mountin of the turret between the thumb nut 48 and: the flange 49, the turret is movable long-itudinally with the spindle.

The turret spindle 46 is hollow so as to permit the mounting internally thereof of the turret shaft 32. A longitudinal slot 54 is formed in the outside of the turret shaft adjacent its forward end. This slot is adapted to receive a key 55 extending through a suitable aperture 56 in the turret spindle. By this means the turret shaft is linked to the turret spindle for rotative movement therewith in such a manner that a relative longitudinal movement of the spindle and the shaft may be effected.

As indicated in the foregoing description of Figure 1, the turret shaft 32 extends rearwardly and is linked to an externally located turret.- rotating handle mechanism 3 l. The turret shaft 32- is journaled adjacent. its rear end in a bearing 51 which is attached by means of a plurality of screws such as 58 to an end,.or detent, plate 5.9 which in turn is secured to the rear end wall 33 of the housing H by means of a plurality of screws such as 6!. Longitudinal movement of the turret shaft 32 is restricted by means of .a

collar G2 encircling the shaft and securely at.- tached thereto by means of a set screw 63. The handle mechanism .3! includes a hand grip 64 which is attached to an extension shaft .6-5 .ex tending through a centrally located aperture in the end plate 59 by means of a screw 65. The extension shaft is inserted in the rear hollow end of the turret shaft 32 and is secured thereto by a plurality of screws such as "61.

It is seen that by reason of the mechanism de-- The. front; end wall 7. scribed up to this point, a rotative movement of the handle mechanism 3i effects a corresponding rotative movement of the turret. I2. By such means, any selected one of the objective lenses I3 may be aligned with the aperture 452 of the turret supporting drum 4| and the aperture I4 of the end wall Il5. =It will be understood that the other optical apparatus such as described generally in connection with Figure 1 also is in alignment with these apertures.

The apparatus also includes a field lens wheel 68 which is adapted to mount the plurality of field lenses such as I6 for cooperation with the associated objective lenses I3 mounted in the tur-' ret I2. A lens wheel bearing -9 is mounted internally of the hub II of the field lens wheel 53 by means of a plurality of screws such as I2. The lens wheel bearing 59 is adapted to be mounted on an external portion of the main bearing 44 and is held securely at its forward end against a suit' ably formed shoulder in the main hearing by means of a retaining collar I3 secured to the main bearing means of a plurality of screws such as 1:3. The mounting of the field lens wheel 58 on the main bearing A l in the manner described permits the wheel to be rotated about the turret shaft axis but prevents the longitudinal movement of the lens wheel relative to the turret supporting drum 4|. 7

Each of the field lenses such as the lens i8 is mounted in the lens wheel =68 between two complementary lens holders I5 and It. These lens holders are adapted to be screwed together as indicated so as to securely grip the lens I6 ad- J'acent its peripheral edge. The front lens holder 1-6 is provided with a flange H which is adapted to abut the front face of the lens wheel 8 enabling the remainder of the lens holding structure to extend through a suitably formed aperture in the wheel toward the rear of the camera.

In order to efiect rotation of the lens wheel I53 concurrently with the rotation of the turret I2, there is provided a driving stud 78 which is attached to the lens wheel by a nut I9 engaging a threaded end portion of the stud, the body of which extends rearwardly of the camera apparatus. The stud is engaged by the forked end portion 8i? of a driver mechanism 8! (see also Figure 6). The driver mechanism also includes a two-part arcuate clamp, one part 82 of which is secured to the forked portion 86 and the other part 83 of which is detachably fastened to the part 82 by means such as screws 84 and 85 extending respectively through clearance holes in lugs 8'5 and E1 extending frcm'the ends of the clamp part '83 into correspondingly located tapped holes in lugs 8 8 and 89 extending from the ends of the clamp part 82. By means of the clamp; the driving mechanism 8! is securely mounted on the turret spindle 56 in a suitable annular re cess formed therein.

By means of the described linkage extending from the turret-rotating handle mechanism 3i through the turret shaft 32, the turret spindle 43' and to the field lens driving mechanism SI; it is seen that rotation of the handle causes the'rotative movement of the forked driving mechanism 8! about the axis of the turret shaft. 1 This, in turn, causes the rotative movement of the stud "I 8 and, as a consequence, the field lens Wheel 68 also about this axis. Accordingly, it is seen that, as the turret I2 is rotated to selectively align the desired objective lens with the remainder of the optical apparatus, a concurrent alignment of the 8 field lens associated with the selected objective lens also is effected.

The camera apparatus also includes a focus tube 9| which is tubular in form and adapted to extend coaxially with, and on the outside of, the turret shaft 32. The focusing tube is provided at its forward end with a front bearing 92 which is generally annular in form and is secured to the tube by suitable means such as brazing. Similarly, there is provided a rear bearing 93 for the focusing tube. Both of the bearings are provided with internally extending shoulder portions adapted to bear upon the outer surface of the tur ret shaft 32 and thereby to provide journaling for the focusing tube.

Adjacent the rear end of the turret spindle 46, there is formed therein an annular recess 94. A pair of arcuate connecting shoes 8'5 and 96 (see also Figure 7) are attached to the front focus tube bearing 92 by means of a plurality of screws such as 91 and 98. These shoes are adapted to engage the annular recess 94. in the turret spindle it so as to impart longitudinal movement thereto by a corresponding longitudinal movement of the A focus tube 9|.

The rear focus tube bearing 93 is provided with a shoulder 99 providing a support for a bearing holder IIiI which is attached to the shoulder by means of a plurality of screws such as N32. The bearing holder Iii-I extends upwardly from the rear focus tube bearing 93 and serves to support a self-aligning bearing N3 in such a manner that it is adapted to rotate about a vertical axis and also about a horizontal axis parallel to the axis of the focus shaft 9 I. The bearing IE3 is provided with an internally threaded aperture adapted to engage an externally threaded driving spindle IM extending substantially parallel to the focus tube 9 I The spindle I94 is provided with a rearwardly extendin pinion gear-shaft I 05 which is journaled in bearings I06 and It? mounted in a gear drive mechanism I638. The pinion gear shaft I05 has mounted thereon a pinion gear I69 which s adapted to engage with a worm gear III. The Worm gear, in turn, is mounted on a shaft II2 which is jcurnaled in bearings H3 and lid in the gear drive mechanism IQ B. The worm gear shaft I I2 is linked by a universal joint IIE to the drive shaft 38 and the rest of the focusing mechanism including the knob located on the outside of the housing II as previously described in connection with Figure 1. I

The focusing mechanism operates by manipulation of the crank or focus knob 35 imparting rotative movement to the shaft H2 which, through the medium of worm and pinion gears I I I and I09, respectively, causes a rotative movement of the driving spindle I84. Rotation of this spindle causes the internally threaded bearing 7 I63 to be moved longitudinally of the spindle III-4, thereby imparting a longitudinal movement to the focus tube 9!. This, in turn, by means of the described linkage to the turret spindle 46, effects a corresponding longitudinal movement of the turret spindle and, as a consequence, the turret l2. It is seen that by means of the key and the longitudinal slot 5 a relative longitudinal movement between the turret spindle 6B and the turret shaft 32 may be effected in any rotative position of the shaft 32 and the turret I2. It also is seen that a longitudinal movement of the turret spindle is may be effected without causing a longitudinal movement of the field lens wheel I58 because of thefact that the driving fork 8Q may slide longitudinally relative. to .the

stud 18. The abuttingengagement of the turret spindle flange 49 with the front end of the main bearing 44 determines the rearmost focusing adjustment of the turret. In a like manner, the abutting engagement of the two-part clamp of the driving mechanism 8I with the rear end of the main bearing determines the foremost focusing adjustment of the turret.

The lens-selecting mechanism including the turret rotating handle 3I is provided with a master detent and indexing apparatus by means of which to insure correct positioning of the turret mounted objective lenses I3 in any rotated position of the turret I2. This mechanism includes the detent plate 59 previously referred to. The master detent itself consists of a disc-like roller H6 secured to a shaft II? which in turn is securely anchored in a threaded bushing III; inserted in a suitable aperture in the plate es and held therein by a plurality of lock nuts such as III; against a flange I2! formed in the outer end of the bushing.

For cooperation with the master detent roller IIS, there is provided a detent release ring I22 which has a shank portion I23 extending rearwardly therefrom. The release ring is provided on its inner face with a plurality of recesses such as I24 and I 25. Each of these recesses is adapted to receive the master detent roller H3. There are provided the same number of detent-receiving recesses as there are turret-mounted objective lenses I3. Also, these recesses are located in the release ring I22 in such positions that they are in engagement with the master detent whenever one of the objective lenses is substantially in alignment with the remainder of the optical system.

For operation of the release ring I22 there is provided a detent-releasing bar I23 attached to the outer end of the shank I23. This bar is adapted to be received within a recess I2? formed on the inner side of the hand grip 30. The bar I26 is urged toward a position out of the recess I21 by means of one or more compression type springs such as I20 suitably mounted in indentations formed respectively in the releasing bar and in the hand grip substantially as shown. Since the hand grip 34 is mounted in the manner described, it is seen that there is a fixed spatial relationship between it and the camera housing I I. Accordingly, by means of the described relationship of the hand grip and the detent releasing bar I23 and its attachment to the detentreleasing ring I22, it is seen that this ring is urged by the springs such as I28 to a position adjacent the end wall 33 of the camera housing. In this position the recesses such as I2 3 are engaged with the master detent roller I I6, thereby securely fixing the rotative positions or" the release ring I22 and the detent-releasing bar I26.

It is also necessary to fix the rotative position of the hand grip 65 so that the rotative position of the turret I2 also will be similarly fixed. It is seen, therefore, that, in order to effect this latter result, it is necessary to prevent any substantial relative rotative movement between the hand grip 64 and the detent-releasing bar I26.

Accordingly, the recess I21 formed in the hand grip I34 is made somewhat larger than necessary to receive the detent-releasing bar I26. Also, as shown in Figure 8 to which additional reference is made, the bar is undercut at a plurality of points, such as at both ends, to provide portions such as I29 which are of less than the overall thickness of the bar. A plurality of substantially flat-ended screws, such as I30, are threaded through the sides of the hand grip 64 so as to be adjustable to bear upon the undercut portions I29 of the bar I26. The end of the screw I30 and the associated surface of the undercut portion I29 preferably are machined to have comparatively smooth surfaces. The screw is adjusted so as to bear upon the undercut portion I29 sufiiciently to prevent relative rotative movement between the bar and the hand grip and at the same time to permit comparatively easy in and out sliding movement of the bar in the recess. v I

in order to fix the screw I30 in any of its adjusted positions, afibre pin I3I is driven into a suitably located hole in the hand grip so as to bear upon the threaded portion of the adjusting screw. It also may be seen that the described mechanism for linking the hand grip 64 and the detent-releasing bar I23 permits continual 'adjustment of the screws such as I30 so as to maintain the desired relationship for substantially the entire life of the apparatus, irrespective of the normal wear encountered in its operation.

It is seen that, in order to rotate the turret I2 to a different position for the selection of another objective lens I3, the lens-selecting mechanism 3I is gripped in such a manner that the detentreleasing bar I23 is drawn into the recess I2? in the hand grip 84 against the action of the springs such as I23, thereby dis-engaging the master detent roller II6 from one of the recesses such as I24. in the release ring I22. With the mechanism so gripped, it may be rotated by a twisting motion of the hand to effect the desired turret rotation. A release of the bar I26, when the turret is in a position close to a desired one, will enable the firm engagement of the master detent roller II6 with another one of the recesses such as I25, for example.

In view of the extraordinary length of the apparatus, it has been found desirable to provide adjustable detents at the forward end of the apparatus to provide additional stability of adjustment in cooperation with the master detent located at the rear of the apparatus; One of the adjustable detentsj I32 is shown in cross section in Figure 2 and includes a ball I33 mounted in a substantially cylindrical inwardly opening retainer I34. The retainer is attached to the turret I2 in a manner to be described subsequently. The ball I33 is supportedby the end of a plunger I35 which is urged by a compression type spring I33 toward the interior of the turret 12. The detent ball I33 accordingly is adapted to engage a longitudnal slot I31 formed in the turret supporting drum 4|. The inside of the slot I3] is provided with a cover I38, thereby sealing the slot from the interior of the camera apparatus and making the slotlight-tight.

It is seen that, by virtue of the spherical shape of the detent ball I33, it may be forced out of the slot I3'I against the action of thespring-pressed plunger I35 when the turret I2 is rotated relative to the drum 4i. At the same time, so long as the turret is in one of its selected positions, one of the described detents prevents the turret from moving appreciably in a rotative sense relative to the supporting drum. Likewise, itis seen that, by virtue of thelongitudinalslotinthe supper-ting drum, the detents are adapted to operate in any focused position of the turret.

As shown more clearly in Figure 4, the cylindrical retainer I34 is providedwith w re of lugs I39 and I40 for mounting by means of screws such as 14! and I42, respectively, on the turret I2. The clearance holes provided for the mounting screws in the. lugs I39 and I40 preferably are elongated in the direction of the outwardly extending lugs so that the d-etent retainer I34- may be adjusted somewhat radially of the turret I2. By this means a more precise adjustment of the location of the turret-mounted objective lenses may be effected.

In accordance with another one of the features of this invention, the turret I2 is provided with as many of the adjustable detents i32 as there are objective lenses mounted in the turret. For example, as more clearly shown in Figure 3 of the drawings, the turret is provided with four substantally symmetrically located objective lenses I3 and also with corresponding adjustable detents I32, similar to that described. It also will be appreciated that, by virtue of the adjustable character of these detents, each of the associated objective lenses, when in operating or taking position, may be aligned individually with the rest of the optical system with the desired precision,

It is to be noted that the driver mechanism 8i for the field lens wheel 68 may be adjusted in its mounting on the turret spindle 46 with the necessary precision to effect good optical alignment of the field lenses with their associated turretmounted objective lenses. This may be accomplished by a suitable manipulation of the clamp screws 84 and 85 as shown particularly in Figure 6. The alternate loosening and tightening of these screws will efiect any desired rotational movement of the forked arm 89 about the turret sprindle 46. Any such movement, of course, is transmitted to the stud 18 to effect a corresponding rotation of the field lens wheel 68.

The detent release ring I22 also may be provided with inserts such as I43 having respective locations corresponding to the different locations of the objective lenses 13 in the turret I2. These inserts may be used to inscribe identification data regarding the correspondingly located objective lenses. These lenses, for example, may be identified by their focal lengths or as otherwise desired.

Also, the apparatus may include an infrared, or other, light filter I44 mounted in the aperture I4 of the front end wall I by means of a plurality of screws such as I45.

It should be noted that, by reason of the described mounting arrangement of the turret I2, it may easily be removed and replaced without additional alignment adjustments being necessary. Removal of the turret I2 is accomplished by unthreading the nut 48 from the end of the turret spindle 46. The entire turret then may be removed by slipping the hub 41 thereof over the forwardly extending end of the turret spindle. Replacement of the turret may be elfected by a series of similar operations performed in the reverse order. In replacing the turret, the original rotational positioning thereof is eifected by the cooperative engagement of the key 52 with the slot or recess 5| formed in the flange 49 of the turret spindle 48. The individual objective lenses l3 are screwed into suitably threaded openings in the turret I2 and maybe individually changed as desired.

Another feature of the camera apparatus embodying the inventionis in the provision made for removing and reinserting the field lenses IS. The aperture 42 in the turret-supporting drum M is made somewhat elliptical as illustrated in Figure 4 so as to provide access through the drum to the field lens which is in operative position,

when the turret l2 has been removed in the man: ner described. Each field lens holder, including rings I5 and 76, is provided with a pairof lugs I46 and also has formed therein elongated apertures I47. These apertures are adapted to receive screws I48 threaded into the lens wheel 68. After first loosening the screws I48 the lens holder, together with the lens mounted therein, may be rotated slightly by grasping the lugs I46 so as to bring the enlarged sections of the apertures 141 into alignment with the screws I48. These enlarged sections are so dimensioned as to permit the removal of the lens holder without completely disengaging the screws I48 from the lens wheel. The reverse order of procedure is followed in remounting the lens holder in the wheel 68.

It may be seen from the foregoing description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention that there is provided an improved control mechanism for certain of the optical components of a color television camera in which a plurality of signal-generating tubes is used, whereby to enable the successful manipulation and use of the device under substantially all of the operating conditions to be encountered. More specifically, it is seen that the mechanism embodying the invention enables the rotation of a lens turret so that any one of a plurality of lenses mounted therein may be selected for use, and in addition, permits the back and forth movement of the turret for focusing the selected lens. Furthermore, the apparatus includes detenting mechanisms for indexing the lens-carrying turret in any one of its lens-selecting positions and at any one of the longitudinal positions of the lens turret to which it is adjusted for focusing purposes.

Also, the apparatus provides a mechanism by which to accurately efifect the rotational driving of a field lens wheel used in cooperation with the turret-mounted objective lenses so that the lens wheel and the turret may be moved together rotationally in any focusing position of the turret. Incorporated with the driving mmhanism is a means for effecting a precise rotational positioning of the field lens wheel so that the different field lenses may be optically aligned suitably with their respective turret-mounted objective lenses.

The described apparatus is of a character to permit relatively easy dismantling of certain parts of the apparatus, such as the detachment of the turret from the main body of the camera and/or the removal and replacement of objective lenses in the turret and/or the field lenses in the field lens wheel. Suitable adjusting facilities are provided to insure the continuous precise alignment of the difierent parts of the apparatus. One such facility is that provided in the lens-selecting mechanism including the externally mounted handle apparatua'together with the detent-releasing elements thereof. Also, the driving linkage, by means of which the focusing of the optical system is effected, including the threaded riving spindle and associated self-aligning bearmg for the internally threaded follower provided for cooperation therewith, enables the focus shaft to be moved longitudinally for focusing the objective lenses with a minimum of interference with the turret shaft, irrespective of any misalignment of the driving mechanism provided therefor. In addition, this type of linkage enables the apparatus to be maintained in the desired focus regardless of the manner in which the camera may be manipulated such as by turning, tilting and the like in its operation.

The nature of the invention may be determined esaasvb 13 from the foregoing description of an illustrative embodiment thereof. The scope of'the invention is defined by'the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a television camera having a housing provided with an aperture in the front end wall thereof, adjustable optical apparatus comprising, an objective lens turret located externally of'said housing adjacent said front end wall and provided with a plurality of objective lenses located at mutually spaced points about the center of said turret, a turret spindle attached at its forward end to the center of said turret and extending rearwardly in said housing, a turret shaft having its forward end portion adjacent to the rearwardly extending portion of said turret spindle and extending rearwardly in said housing, a linkage coupling said turret shaft to said spindle for rotative movement therewith, said linkage being of a slidable character to permit longitudinal movement of said spindle relative to said shaft, lens-selecting mechanism attached to the rear end of said turret shaft extending externally of said housing adjacent the rear end wall thereof and operable to rotate said turret to place any selected one of said objective lenses in line with said front end wall aperture, a focus tube linked at its forward end to said turret spindle for longitudinal movement with said spindle and permitting rotative movement of said spindle relative to said tube, said focus tube extending rearwardly in said housing from said spindle and a focusing mechanism linked to'the rear end of said focus tube and extending externally of and adjacent the rear of said housing and operable to move said focus tube and said turret spindle longitudinally in said housing, whereby to vary the spacing between said turret and said front end housing wall in any rotated position of said turret and thereby to vary the focus of any selected one of said objective lenses.

2. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein, said turret spindle is hollow at its rear end to receive said turret shaft, and said shaft-to-spindle linkage comprising, a longitudinal slot in the outside of said shaft, and a key mounted in said spindle and engaging said slot in a manner to move longitudinally in said slot but not angularly relative thereto.

3. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein, said focus tube is hollow and extends coaxially with and on the outside of said turret shaft, and said focus tube-to-turret spindle linkage comprising, an annular groove in the outside of said spindle adjacent the rear end thereof, and annular flange means attached to the forward end of said focus tube and engaging said groove in a manner to allow rotation of said spindle but not to move appreciably longitudinally of said spindle.

4. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein, said lensselecting mechanism comprises a handle including a hand grip rigidly attached to said turret shaft, a detent-releasing bar, said grip having a recess in its inner side to receive said bar, and spring means urging said bar out of said recess toward said housing, said apparatus having additionally a master detent including a roller jour naled in said rear housing wall, and a detent release ring having a plurality of recesses at mutually spaced points about its center and rigidly attached to said bar, said recesses being adapted to releasably engage said rollerin am nes-select ing position of said mechanism.

5. Adjustable television camera'optical apparatus as defined in claim l whereimsaid detentreleasing bar has an overall thickness somewhat less than the'width of said hand 'grip'recess is undercut at a plurality of points to provide portions of less than said overall thickness, and fiat-ended screws extending through the sides of said grip and adjustable to bear upon said underout portions to permit in-and-out sliding movement of said bar in said recess and to prevent appreciable relative rotative movement of said bar and said grip.

6. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim l'whereim saidfocusing mechanism comprises, an externally threaded driving spindle journaled inside of'sa'id hoiising. an operating handle mounted outside of said housing, means including a gear train linking said handle to said driving spindle, and an internally-threaded driven follower engaged with "said spindle and attached to said focus shaft.

7. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 6wherein,'said spindle fol ower attachment to said focus shaft comprises, a holder rigidly attached to said focus tube and having a forlred extension, and said spindle follower swivelly-mounted in'said forked'exten'sion,

whereby to permit some rotativeand in-and 'out sliding movement of saidfollowe'r'in said forked extension. 7

8. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein,said front end housing wall includes a turret-supporting drum extending forwardly and including said aperture, said turret having an inside diameter sufficiently greater than the outside diameter of said drum to permit free rotative and longitudinal movement of said turret relative to said drum, light-tight longitudinal slot in the outside of said drum, and a plurality of spaced adjustable detents on the inside of said turret, each of said detents being adapted to engage with said slot at any selected lens and focused position of said turret.

9. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein, said adjustable detents each comprise, a substantially cylindrical inwardly-opening retainer having mounting lugs, a spring-pressed ball in said retainer urged toward engagement with said drum slot, and means including said mounting lugs for adjustably positioning said retainer on said turret.

10. In a television camera having a housing including a turret-supporting drum provided with an aperture and extending forwardly from the front end wall of said housing, adjustable optical apparatus comprising, an objective lens turret having a plurality of objective lenses located at mutually spaced points about the center of said turret, said turret being adapted to move rotatively and longitudinally relative to said drum, a turret spindle extending rearwardly in said housing and. also forwardly through said drum, said turret being detachably secured to the forward end of said spindle, a turret shaft slidably keyed to said spindle for rotative movement therewith and permitting longitudinal movement of said spindle relative to said shaft, said turret shaft extending rearwardly in said housing from said spindle, lens-selecting mechanism secured to the rear end of said turret shaft and extending through the rear end wall of said housing for manipulation to rotate said turret to place any r15 selected one of said objective lenses in line with said drum apertures, a focus tube mounted coaxially with said turret shaft and linked to said turret spindle for longitudinal movement therewith and permitting rotative movement of said spindle relative to said tube, a focusing mechanism linked to said focus tube and extending through a wall of said housing adjacent the rear thereof for manipulation to vary the longitudinal spacing of said turret relative to said drum, a

field lens wheel supporting a plurality of field v tached to said turret supporting drum and internally providing a journal for said turret spindle and externally providing an axle for said Wheel.

12. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 10 wherein, said driving linkage for said field lens wheel includes a stud attached to and extending from said wheel substantially perpendicular to the general plane of rotation of said wheel, and a forked driver attached to said turret spindle for rotation there- 16 with and with said forked portion engaged with said stud for effecting rotative movement with and longitudinal movement relative to said stud.

13. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claimr12 wherein, said forked driver attachment includes a two-part arcuate clamp, both parts of which having lugs extending from the ends of the respective arcuate portions, a first part of which being secured to said driver at the end thereof opposite to the fork and the second part of which being detachably fastened to said first part by screw means through corresponding ones of said lugs, said screw means being adjustable to vary the rotational position of said field lens wheel suitably to optically align said field lenses with their respectively associated objective lenses.

14. Adjustable television camera optical apparatus as defined in claim 13 wherein, said screw means are machine screws extending through clearance holes in the lugs of one of said clamp parts into tapped holes in the lugs of the other of said clamp parts.

HERBERT C. SHEPARD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,000,090 Mitchell May '7, 1935 2,005,014 Tondreau June 18, 1935 2,488,177 Dufour Nov. 15, 1949 

